This is a clip from The Atheist Experience #654 ("Viewer Calls. Jen & Matt take viewer calls on this 60 minute episode.") with Matt Dillahunty and Jen Peeples.
Part 1
Naturalism (as distinct from Naturalist, Nature and Natural) refer to various topics within philosophy and science, environmental movements, and other areas.
Occam's razor (or Ockham's razor), is the meta-theoretical principle that "entities should not be multiplied beyond what is necessary" and the conclusion there of, that the simplest solution is usually the correct one.
Part 2
The Kalām cosmological argument is a variation of the cosmological argument that argues for the existence of a Sufficient Reason or First Cause for the universe. Its origins can be traced to both medieval Christian and Muslim thinkers, but most significantly to Islamic theologians of the Kalām tradition. It has been revived in recent years most predominantly in the works of Christian philosopher William Lane Craig.
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